rectangular building

1 rectangular.

2 right-angled (Mat).

homerun.

* * *

► adjetivo

1 rectangular

* * *

* * *

ADJ rectangular

* * *

adjetivo rectangular

* * *

= rectangular, oblong, rectangular-shaped.

Ex. We can only depend upon a rectangular building to fulfil this if it has a small floor area.

Ex. The two moulds, which were twins, were oblong wire sieves mounted on wooden frames, and the deckle was a removable wooden rim which could be fitted to either mould to make it into a tray-like sieve with a raised edge.

Ex. Pizza pies typically have round configuration, although square- and rectangular-shaped pizzas have had some recent acceptance.

----

* cuenco rectangular de cerámica = terrine.

* * *

adjetivo rectangular

* * *

* * *

rectangular

* * *

* * *

rectangular adj

1. [de forma] rectangular

2. [de ángulos rectos] right-angled

* * *

adj rectangular

* * *

rectangular adj

: rectangular

* * *

rectangular adj rectangular

square, squared.

square.

past participle of spanish verb: cuadrar.

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 square

► participio pasado

1→ link=cuadrar cuadrar

► adjetivo

1 (forma) square

2 familiar (persona) broad, stocky

3 figurado (mente) rigid, one-track

► nombre masculino cuadrado

1 square

\

elevar al cuadrado to square

■ tres al cuadrado son nueve three squared is nine

tenerlos cuadrados tabú to have balls

* * *

1. ADJ

1) (Mat) square

- tenerlos cuadrados

2) [objeto, superficie] square

3) (=corpulento)

4) Caribe, Cono Sur (=grosero) coarse, rude

5) And (=elegante) graceful, elegant

6) LAm

7) Arg, Uru * (=poco inteligente) dense, stupid

8) Chile, Ven

SM / F (=persona poco inteligente) idiot

3. SM

1) (Mat, Geom) square

2) (=regla) ruler, parallel ruler

3) (Téc) die

4) (Cos) gusset

5) (Tip) quad, quadrat

6) Caribe, Cono Sur * (=persona) boor, oaf

* * *

- da adjetivo

1)

a) ( de forma) square

b) (Mat) <metro/centímetro> square (before n)

2) [estar] (fam) ( fornido) well-built, big, hefty (colloq)

3) [ser] (AmL) ( cerrado de mente) (fam) inflexible

masculino square

* * *

= square, square-shaped.

Ex. A square building with low velocity air conditioning would consume less energy than a rectangular building with no artificial ventilation.

Ex. Pizza pies typically have round configuration, although square- and rectangular- shaped pizzas have had some recent acceptance.

----

* al chi cuadrado = chi-squared.

* chi cuadrado = chi-square.

* chorradas al cuadrado = nonsense on stilts.

* en forma de cuadrado = square-shaped.

* estupideces al cuadrado = nonsense on stilts.

* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cuadrado = inverse square law.

* más o menos cuadrado = squarish.

* metro cuadrado (m²) = square metre (sq. m.).

* milímetro cuadrado = millimeter square.

* milla cuadrada = square mile.

* pie cuadrado = square foot (sq. ft.).

* raíz cuadrada = square root.

* test chi cuadrado = chi square test.

* tonterías al cuadrado = nonsense on stilts.

* * *

- da adjetivo

1)

a) ( de forma) square

b) (Mat) <metro/centímetro> square (before n)

2) [estar] (fam) ( fornido) well-built, big, hefty (colloq)

3) [ser] (AmL) ( cerrado de mente) (fam) inflexible

masculino square

* * *

* * *

1 (de forma) square

2 ( Mat) [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] ‹metro/centímetro› square ( before n)

22 metros cuadrados/kilómetros cuadrados 22 square meters/square kilometers

1 [ ESTAR] ( fam) (fornido) well-built, big, hefty ( colloq)

2 [ ESTAR] ( fam) (gordo) fat

1 [ SER] ( AmL) (cerrado de mente) ( fam); inflexible, rigid

2 [ SER] ( RPl) (torpe) dense ( colloq), thick ( colloq)

1 (figura) square

2 (de un número) square

25 elevado al cuadrado 25 squared, the square of 25

magic square

* * *

el participio

◊ -da adjetivo

a) ( de forma) square

b) (Mat) ‹metro/centímetro› square ( before n);

◊ 25 elevado al cuadrado 25 squared

a) [ cuentas] to tally, balance

b) [declaraciones/testimonias] to tally;

c) (Ven) ( para una cita) cuadrado con algn to arrange to meet sb;

a) [ soldado] to stand to attention

b) [caballo/toro] to stand stock-still

c) (Col, Ven fam) ( estacionarse) to park

* * *

♦ adj

1. [figura] square

2. Mat square;

metro/kilómetro cuadrado square metre/kilometre

3. Fam [musculoso] muscly;

estar cuadrado to be muscly

4. Am [estricto, cerrado] narrow-minded

5. Am [torpe] thick, dumb

♦ nm

1. [figura] square

2. Mat square;

tres (elevado) al cuadrado three square(d)

* * *

I adj square;

cabeza cuadrada fam bigot

II m square;

al cuadrado MAT squared;

elevar al cuadrado MAT square

* * *

cuadrado, -da adj

: square

cuadrado nm

: square

elevar al cuadrado: to square (a number)

* * *

cuadrado¹ adj square

cuadrado² n square

1 to do, to carry out, to perform.

los candidatos deben cumplir los siguientes requisitos the candidates shall meet o satisfy the following requirements

2 to keep (promesa).

cumplió su deseo de subir al Aconcagua she fulfilled her wish of climbing the Aconcagua

Ella cumple la ley She obeys the law.

3 to reach (años).

mañana cumplo 20 años I'm 20 o it's my 20th birthday tomorrow

cumple años la próxima semana it's her birthday next week, she has her birthday next week

¡que cumplas muchos más! many happy returns!

4 to serve (condena).

5 to expire.

6 to do one's duty.

cumplir con alguien to do one's duty by somebody

para o por cumplir out of politeness

cumplir con el deber to do one's duty

cumplir con la palabra to keep one's word

yo me limito a cumplir con mi trabajo I'm just doing my job

7 to comply.

este producto no cumple con la normativa europea this product doesn't comply with o meet European standards

8 to fulfill, to carry out, to accomplish, to achieve.

Ella cumple sus obligaciones She fulfills her duties.

9 to do one's job, to comply.

Ella cumple siempre She does her job always.

10 to reach the age of, to get to the age of, to reach, to be.

Ella cumplió cinco años She got to the age of five years.

* * *

► verbo transitivo

1 (orden) to carry out; (deseo) to fulfil (US fulfill); (deber) to do

2 (promesa) to keep

3 DERECHO (ley) to observe, abide by; (pena) to serve

4 (años) to be, turn

■ mañana cumplo treinta años I'll be thirty tomorrow

■ ha cumplido cuarenta años she has turned forty

■ ¡que cumplas muchos más! many happy returns!

5 (satisfacer) to do, carry out, fulfil (US fulfill)

► verbo intransitivo

1 (plazo) to expire, end

2 (deuda, pago) to fall due

► verbo pronominal cumplirse

1 (realizarse) to be fulfilled, come true

■ se cumplió la profecía the prophecy came true

2 (fecha) to be

■ hoy se cumplen cinco años de nuestra boda it's our fifth wedding anniversary today

■ se cumple una semana del comienzo del curso it's a week since the course began

\

cumplir con alguien to keep one's promise to somebody

cumplir con el deber to do one's duty

cumplir con la Iglesia to fulfil (US fulfill) one's religious obligations

cumplir con la ley to abide by the law

cumplir con las obligaciones to fulfil (US fulfill) one's obligations

cumplir con su palabra to keep one's word

para cumplir / por cumplir as a formality

* * *

1) to accomplish, carry out

2) fulfill, comply with

3) expire

•

- cumplirse

* * *

1. VT

1) (=llevar a cabo) [+ amenaza] to carry out; [+ promesa] to keep; [+ objetivo, sueño] to achieve; [+ ambición] to fulfil, fulfill (EEUU), achieve; [+ papel] to play

2) (=obedecer) [+ ley, norma, sentencia] to observe, obey; [+ orden] to carry out, obey

3) (=alcanzar) [+ condición, requisito] to comply with, fulfil, fulfill (EEUU), meet

4) (=realizar) [+ condena, pena] to serve; [+ servicio militar] to do, complete

5) [con periodos de tiempo]

a) [+ años]

b) [+ aniversario, días]

6) (Naipes) [+ contrato] to make

2. VI

1) (=terminar) [plazo] to end, expire; [pago] to fall due

2) (=hacer lo correcto) to do one's duty

3)

4)

5) frm (=corresponder)

6) (Mil) to finish one's military service

cumplirse

* * *

verbo transitivo

1)

a) ( ejecutar) < orden> to carry out; < ley> to obey

b) <promesa/palabra> to keep; < compromiso> to honor*, fulfill*; <obligación/contrato> to fulfill*

c) ( alcanzar) <objetivo/ambición> to achieve

d) ( desempeñar) < papel> to perform, fulfill*

2) <condena/sentencia> to serve; < servicio militar> to do

3) <años/meses>

1)

a)

b) ( con una obligación social)

2) (en 3^a pers) (frml) ( corresponder)

cumplirse v pron

1) deseo/predicción to come true; ambición to be realized, be fulfilled

2) plazo

* * *

= abide by, be due, fulfil [fulfill, -USA], satisfy, make + good, uphold.

Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado y participio upheld.

Ex. Any library coming into OCLC has to agree to abide by those standards.

Ex. The date due calculated by the circulation programs is always checked against the list of dates the library is closed to ensure that a document is not due when it cannot be returned.

Ex. We can only depend upon a rectangular building to fulfil this if it has a small floor area.

Ex. This will satisfy the second objective of an author catalogue, in that it becomes easy to review the extent of a library's collection of works by a specific author.

Ex. The British Library has announced a wide ranging programme using digital and networking technologies to make good its commitment to expedite access to its unparalleled collections.

Ex. It's about time that we go back to these principles and make sure that the quality of cataloging is upheld.

----

* al cumplir la fecha = at term.

* cumplir con = comply (with), conform to.

* cumplir con la responsabilidad de Uno = do + Posesivo + share.

* cumplir (con) lo convenido = fill + Posesivo + agreement.

* cumplir (con) lo prometido = deliver + the goods, come up with + the goods, keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.

* cumplir (con) + Posesivo + palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.

* cumplir (con) + Posesivo + promesa = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.

* cumplir (con) un acuerdo = honour + commitment, honour + agreement, fill + Posesivo + agreement.

* cumplir con una obligación = live up to + Posesivo + obligation, fulfil + obligation, honour + obligation.

* cumplir (con) un compromiso = live up to + commitment.

* cumplir (con) un criterio = meet + standard.

* cumplir (con) un deber = discharge + duty.

* cumplir (con) un plazo = meet + deadline, comply with + deadline.

* cumplir con un principio = comport with + principle.

* cumplir el turno de Uno en = take + Posesivo + turn at.

* cumplir la condición de la búsqueda = match + request specification.

* cumplir la ley = observe + the law.

* cumplir la palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.

* cumplir las condiciones para = be eligible for.

* cumplir las expectativas = come up to + expectations.

* cumplir las normas = abide by + rules and regulations.

* cumplir lo que se dice = live up to + Posesivo + claim.

* cumplir los requisitos = come up to + requirements.

* cumplir los requisitos para = be eligible for.

* cumplir + Posesivo + responsabilidad = carry out + Posesivo + responsibility.

* cumplirse = hold + true, hold.

* cumplir una condena = serve + time, serve + sentence.

* cumplir una condición = meet + condition, satisfy + condition, fill + requirement.

* cumplir una función = fulfil + function.

* cumplir una misión = accomplish + mission.

* cumplir una política = uphold + policy.

* cumplir una promesa = fulfil + promise, live up to + Posesivo + promise, keep + Posesivo + promise.

* cumplir una regla = observe + rule, comply with + rule.

* cumplir una responsabilidad = accomplish + responsibility.

* cumplir una sentencia = serve + sentence.

* cumplir una tarea = accomplish + task.

* cumplir un enunciado lógico de búsqueda = satisfy + logic statement.

* cumplir un objetivo = fulfil + goal, meet + objective, meet + purpose, satisfy + purpose, serve + function, serve + purpose, meet + target, fulfil + objective.

* cumplir un requisito = match + criterion, meet + criterion, meet + specification, satisfy + requirement, fill + requirement.

* hacer cumplir = uphold.

* hacer cumplir la disciplina = enforce + discipline.

* hacer cumplir la legislación = enforce + legislation.

* hacer cumplir la ley = law enforcement, enforce + law, legal enforcement.

* hacer cumplir una norma = enforce + standard.

* hacer cumplir una política = uphold + policy.

* hacer cumplir unas normas = enforce + policy.

* no cumplir = fall + short of, welsh on.

* no cumplir con el plazo de publicación = miss + publication deadline.

* no cumplir con + Posesivo + deber = be remiss.

* no cumplir las expectativas = fall + short of expectations.

* no cumplir lo esperado = fall + short of expectations.

* no cumplir lo prometido = fall + short of + Posesivo + promise.

* no cumplir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.

* no cumplir un objetivo = fall + short of goal.

* no cumplir unos criterios = fall (far) short of + criteria.

* no cumplir unos requisitos = fall + short of requirements.

* organismo encargado de hacer cumplir la ley = law enforcing agency.

* que cumple los requisitos = qualifying.

* que no se puede hacer cumplir = unenforceable.

* que se puede hacer cumplir = enforceable.

* tener un deber que cumplir con = have + a responsibility to.

* * *

verbo transitivo

1)

a) ( ejecutar) < orden> to carry out; < ley> to obey

b) <promesa/palabra> to keep; < compromiso> to honor*, fulfill*; <obligación/contrato> to fulfill*

c) ( alcanzar) <objetivo/ambición> to achieve

d) ( desempeñar) < papel> to perform, fulfill*

2) <condena/sentencia> to serve; < servicio militar> to do

3) <años/meses>

1)

a)

b) ( con una obligación social)

2) (en 3^a pers) (frml) ( corresponder)

cumplirse v pron

1) deseo/predicción to come true; ambición to be realized, be fulfilled

2) plazo

* * *

= abide by, be due, fulfil [fulfill, -USA], satisfy, make + good, uphold.

Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado y participio upheld.

* * *

cumplir [I1 ]

1 (ejecutar) ‹orden› to carry out

para hacer cumplir la ley to ensure that the law is upheld o enforced

los inquilinos que no cumplen estas normas tenants who do not abide by o comply with o observe these rules

la satisfacción del deber cumplido the satisfaction of having done one's duty, the satisfaction of having performed o ( frml) discharged one's duty

no se cumplió el calendario previsto they failed to adhere to the proposed schedule

2 ‹promesa/palabra› to keep

no cumple sus compromisos he doesn't honor o fulfill his obligations

(llenar, alcanzar): la solicitud debe cumplir los siguientes requisitos the application must fulfill the following conditions

el edificio no cumple las condiciones mínimas de seguridad the building does not comply with o come up to o meet minimum safety standards

los objetivos económicos que han de cumplirse cada año the financial goals which have to be met o must be achieved each year

nunca llegó a cumplir esta ambición he never achieved o managed to achieve this ambition

4 (desempeñar) ‹papel› to perform, fulfill*

la organización no cumple su cometido the organization is not fulfilling its function

cumplimos todos nuestros objetivos we achieved o accomplished all our aims

B ‹condena/sentencia› to serve

está cumpliendo el servicio militar he is doing his military service

C [ Grammar notes (Spanish) ]

‹años/meses› mañana cumple 20 años she'll be o she's 20 tomorrow

¿cuándo cumples años? when's your birthday?

¡que cumplas muchos más! many happy returns!

¡que los cumplas muy feliz! have a very happy birthday!

ése ya no cumple los cuarenta ( hum); he won't see forty again ( colloq hum)

mañana cumplimos 20 años de casados ( AmL); tomorrow we'll have been married 20 years, tomorrow is our 20th wedding anniversary

la huelga cumple hoy su tercer día this is the third day of the strike

1 cumplir CON algo ‹con un deber/una obligación›

cumplimos con nuestro deber we did our duty

yo cumplí con lo que se me había asignado I carried out the task assigned to me, I carried out o performed o ( frml) discharged the duties assigned to me

no cumplió con los trámites legales previstos he failed to comply with the relevant legal procedure

cumple con su trabajo he does his job

(con una obligación social): lo invité a comer, creo que cumplí I took him out for lunch, so I think I've done my duty o ( colloq) my bit

a ver si por una vez cumples I hope you'll do as you say o you'll keep your word for once

nos invitó sólo por cumplir she only invited us because she felt she ought to o she felt it was the thing to do o she felt it was expected of her, she only invited us out of duty

con los Pieri ya hemos cumplido as far as the Pieris are concerned, we've done what was expected of us o we've done our duty by them

3 ( euf o hum)

(en sentido sexual): se queja de que ya no cumple she complains that he doesn't do his duty as a husband o doesn't fulfill his conjugal duties any more ( euphor hum)

B ( en tercera persona)

1 ( frml)

(corresponder): me/nos cumple informarle que … ( Corresp) I am/we are writing to inform you that … ( frml)

2 ( frml)

(convenir): le cumple esforzarse más it behooves ( AmE) o ( BrE) behoves you to make more of an effort ( datedor frml), it is in your best interest that you should make more of an effort

A «profecía/predicción» to come true

se cumplieron sus deseos her wishes came true

se cumplió su gran ambición her great ambition was realized o fulfilled

«plazo»: mañana se cumple el plazo para pagar el impuesto tomorrow is the last day o is the deadline for paying the tax

hoy se cumple el primer aniversario de su muerte today marks o is the first anniversary of her death

* * *

a) ( ejecutar) ‹ orden› to carry out;

◊ la satisfacción del deber cumplido the satisfaction of having done one's duty

b) ‹promesa/palabra› to keep;

c) ( alcanzar) ‹objetivo/ambición› to achieve;

◊ ¡misión cumplida! mission accomplished

d) ( desempeñar) ‹ papel› to perform, fulfill^{( conjugate fulfill)}

◊ mañana cumple 20 años she'll be 20 tomorrow;

a) cumplir con algo ‹ con obligación› to fulfill^{( conjugate fulfill)} sth, satisfy sth;

◊ cumple con su deber he does his duty

b) ( con una obligación social):

◊ nos invitó solo por cumplir she only invited us because she felt she ought to;

a) [deseo/predicción] to come true;

b) [ plazo]:

◊ mañana se cumple el plazo para pagar el impuesto tomorrow is the last day for paying the tax;

* * *

♦ vt

1. [realizar] [deber] to do, to carry out, to perform;

cumplir los mandamientos to keep o obey the commandments;

cumplí las instrucciones al pie de la letra I followed the instructions to the letter;

los que no cumplan las normas serán sancionados anyone failing to comply with o abide by the rules will be punished;

el ministerio no está cumpliendo su cometido de fomentar el empleo the ministry is failing in its task of creating jobs, the ministry is not carrying out its brief of creating jobs;

cumplió su deseo de subir al Aconcagua she fulfilled her wish of climbing Aconcagua;

esta máquina cumple todos los requisitos técnicos this machine complies with o meets all the technical requirements;

los candidatos deben cumplir los siguientes requisitos the candidates must meet o satisfy the following requirements

2. [años] to reach;

mañana cumplo veinte años I'm twenty o it's my twentieth birthday tomorrow;

cumple años la próxima semana it's her birthday next week, she has her birthday next week;

cuando cumplas los dieciocho te regalaremos una moto we'll give you a motorbike when you're eighteen o for your eighteenth (birthday);

¡que cumplas muchos más! many happy returns!;

tal y como está de salud, el abuelo no cumplirá los ochenta in his current state of health, it's unlikely that grandad will see his eightieth birthday;

la Feria del Automóvil cumple este año su décimo aniversario the Motor Show celebrates its tenth anniversary this year

3. [terminar] [condena] to serve;

♦ vi

1. [plazo, garantía] to expire;

el plazo de matriculación ya ha cumplido the deadline for registration is already up o has already expired

2.

varios países cumplen con los requisitos para acceder al mercado único several countries fulfil the criteria o meet the terms for joining the single market;

yo me limito a cumplir con mi trabajo I'm just doing my job;

cumplir con su deber to do one's duty;

cumplir con su palabra to keep one's word

3. [por cortesía]

lo dijo por cumplir she said it because she felt she had to o out of politeness;

acudió a la boda por cumplir con su hermano she went to the wedding out of a sense of duty to her brother

4. Fam Euf [satisfacer sexualmente]

♦ See also the pronominal verb cumplirse

* * *

I v/t

1 orden carry out; promesa fulfill, Br

fulfil

2 condena serve

cumplir diez años reach the age of ten, turn ten

II v/i

cumplir con algo carry sth out;

cumplir con su deber do one’s duty

te invita sólo por cumplir he’s only inviting you out of politeness

* * *

cumplir vt

1) : to accomplish, to carry out

2) : to comply with, to fulfill

3) : to attain, to reach

su hermana cumple los 21 el viernes: her sister will be 21 on Friday

cumplir vi

1) : to expire, to fall due

2) : to fulfill one's obligations

cumplir con el deber: to do one's duty

cumplir con la palabra: to keep one's word

♦ See also the reflexive verb cumplirse

* * *

cumplir vb

1. (orden) to carry out [pt. & pp. carried]

2. (compromiso, obligación) to fulfil [pt. & pp. fulfilled]

3. (promesa, palabra) to keep [pt. & pp. kept]

4. (pena) to serve

5. (años) to be

6. (plazo) to expire / to end

(v.) = consume + energy, take up + energy

Ex. A square building with low velocity air conditioning would consume less energy than a rectangular building with no artificial ventilation.

Ex. The new Statutes, which inevitably took up a lot of our energies, have delivered at least some of the objectives which the Working Party envisaged.

* * *

1 speed (rapidity).

¿a qué velocidad van? (specialist term) what speed are they going at?, how fast are they going?

a toda velocidad at full speed (en vehículo)

lo tuvimos que hacer a toda velocidad we had to do it as fast as we could

de alta velocidad high-speed

con la velocidad de un rayo as quick as lightning

velocidad de crucero cruising speed

la velocidad de la luz the speed of light

velocidad máxima top speed

velocidad de proceso (computing) processing speed

la velocidad del sonido the speed of sound

velocidad de transmisión (computing) baud rate (en módem)

velocidad de vuelo airspeed

2 gear (automobiles) (marcha).

cambiar de velocidad to change gear

3 velocity, speed, quickness, speediness.

* * *

► nombre femenino

1 (rapidez) speed, velocity

2 AUTOMÓVIL (marcha) gear

\

a toda velocidad at full speed

cambiar de velocidad AUTOMÓVIL to change gear

cobrar velocidad / ganar velocidad to gather speed

con la velocidad del rayo figurado as quick as a flash

de alta velocidad high-speed

disminuir la velocidad to slow down

caja de velocidades gear box

Europa de dos velocidades two-speed Europe

velocidad de crucero cruising speed

velocidad de la luz speed of light

velocidad de transmisión INFORMÁTICA bit rate

velocidad máxima speed limit

velocidad operativa INFORMÁTICA operating speed

* * *

* * *

1) (gen) speed; (Téc) velocity; (fig) swiftness, speediness

- confundir la velocidad con el tocino

2) (Mec) gear, speed

* * *

1)

a) (medida, relación) speed

b) ( rapidez) speed

- velocidad de crucero

- velocidad de subida

- velocidad máxima or punta

2) (Auto, Mec) gear

* * *

= rate, speed, velocity, speed setting, momentum.

Ex. Whether, in the future, the co-operatives will be able to fund appropriate developments at a sufficiently rapid rate remains an unanswered question.

Ex. A leased line connection is useful for heavy users, since it offers higher speeds of transmission.

Ex. A square building with low velocity air conditioning would consume less energy than a rectangular building with no artificial ventilation.

Ex. A special rheostat control box allows infinitely variable speed settings.

Ex. They were splendid starters of projects but like so many bibliographers poor sustainers of momentum.

----

* a gran velocidad = at great speed.

* a la velocidad de la luz = at the speed of light.

* a la velocidad del rayo = at the speed of lightning.

* a la velocidad del sonido = at the speed of sound.

* alta velocidad = high-rate.

* a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.

* aumentar la velocidad = grow + faster.

* a una velocidad de = at a rate of.

* a una velocidad desorbitante = at a rate of knots.

* a una velocidad vertiginosa = at an exponential rate, at exponential rates.

* a un velocidad + Adjetivo = at a + Adjetivo + rate.

* a velocidad estelar = at warp speed.

* cambiar de velocidad = gear.

* cambiar velocidades = gear.

* cambio brusco de velocidad del viento = wind shear.

* cobrar velocidad = gather + momentum, gather + pace.

* confundir la velocidad con el tocino = one thing + have + nothing to do with the other.

* correr a toda velocidad = sprint.

* de alta velocidad = high-speed.

* disminuir la velocidad = slow up.

* exceso de velocidad = speeding.

* ir a toda velocidad = hurtle.

* límite de velocidad = speed limit.

* moderar la velocidad = slow down.

* multa por exceso de velocidad = speeding ticket, speed ticket.

* pasar a toda velocidad = whiz.

* persecución en coche a alta velocidad = high-speed chase.

* velocidad angular constante (VAC) = constant angular velocity (CAV).

* velocidad controlada por radar = radar-controlled speed.

* velocidad de arranque = getaway speed.

* velocidad de búsqueda = search speed.

* velocidad de flujo = rate of flow.

* velocidad de funcionamiento = speed of operation.

* velocidad de la luz, la = speed of light, the.

* velocidad del rayo, la = speed of lightning, the.

* velocidad del sonido, la = speed of sound, the.

* velocidad del viento = wind velocity.

* velocidad de reproducción = playing speed.

* velocidad lineal constante (VLC) = constant linear velocity (CLV).

* velocidad máxima = speed limit.

* velocidad máxima permitida = speed limit.

* velocidad permitida = speed limit.

* * *

1)

a) (medida, relación) speed

b) ( rapidez) speed

- velocidad de crucero

- velocidad de subida

- velocidad máxima or punta

2) (Auto, Mec) gear

* * *

* * *

1 (medida, relación) speed

¿a qué velocidad iba? how fast was he going?, what speed was he traveling at o ( colloq) was he doing?

disminuye la velocidad slow down, reduce your speed

la velocidad de la luz/del sonido the speed of light/sound

la velocidad del viento the wind speed

los trenes pasan a toda/gran velocidad the trains go by at top speed/high speed

de alta velocidad high-speed

perder velocidad to lose speed, to slow down

iba cobrando velocidad it was picking up speed, it was speeding up, it was gathering speed o momentum

un cuerpo con una velocidad de 150 km/s ( Fís) an object with a velocity of 150 km/s, an object traveling at 150 km/s

2 (rapidez) speed

la velocidad con que lo hizo the speed with which he did it

confundir la velocidad con el tocino ( fam hum); to mix up o confuse two completely different things

rate of climb

cruising speed

escape velocity

rate of flow

escape velocity

shutter speed

rate of climb

maximum o top speed

operating speed

maximum o top speed

terminal velocity

B ( Auto, Mec) (marcha, cambio) gear

el modelo de cinco velocidades the five-gear model, the model with a five-speed gearbox

cambiar de velocidad to change gear

en primera velocidad in first gear, in first

* * *

◊ cobrar velocidad to pick up o gather speed;

◊ un modelo de cinco velocidades a five-gear model

* * *

velocidad nf

1. [rapidez] speed, Espec velocity;

íbamos a gran velocidad we were going very fast;

¿a qué velocidad van? what speed are they going at?, how fast are they going?;

a toda velocidad [en vehículo] at full speed;

lo tuvimos que hacer a toda velocidad we had to do it as fast as we could;

de alta velocidad high-speed;

a la velocidad del rayo as quick as lightning;

reducir la velocidad to slow down

la velocidad de la luz the speed of light;

velocidad máxima top speed;

velocidad punta top speed;

la velocidad del sonido the speed of sound;

velocidad supersónica supersonic speed;

velocidad de vuelo airspeed

2. Aut [marcha] gear;

cambiar de velocidad to change gear

* * *

1 speed;

a gran velocidad at high speed;

ir a toda velocidad go at full speed;

ganar velocidad pick up speed, gain momentum

2 ( marcha) gear

* * *

velocidad nf

1) : speed, velocity

velocidad máxima: speed limit

2) marcha: gear (of an automobile)

* * *

velocidad n

1. (rapidez) speed

2. (marcha) gear

cambiar de velocidad to change gear

to make happen, to actualize, to make a reality.

* * *

(v.) = fulfil [fulfill, -USA], realise [realize, -USA], make + good

Ex. We can only depend upon a rectangular building to fulfil this if it has a small floor area.

Ex. Librarians, information scientists, and keepers of the archives have to realise the meaning of the so-called electronic library (e-library).

Ex. The British Library has announced a wide ranging programme using digital and networking technologies to make good its commitment to expedite access to its unparalleled collections.

* * *

(n.) = floor area, floor space

Ex. We can only depend upon a rectangular building to fulfil this if it has a small floor area.

Ex. Interior decoration is white and there is ample floor space = La decoración interior es de color blanco y la superficie útil es amplia.

* * *

उत्तम्भः म्भनम् [P.VIII.4.61. उदः स्थास्तम्भोः पूर्वस्य]

1 Upholding, propping, supporting; भुवनोत्तम्भनस्त- म्भान् K.26; Śi.18.46.

-2 A prop; stay, support.

-3 Stopping, arresting.

-4 A Kind of rectangular building (Garuda P.47.21-22).

1 plant (vegetal).

planta de interior house plant

2 plant.

planta depuradora purification plant

planta desalinizadora desalination plant

planta de envase o envasadora packaging plant

planta de montaje assembly plant

3 floor (piso).

planta baja ground floor (British), first floor (United States)

primera planta first floor (British), second floor (United States)

4 sole.

5 industrial plant, plant, works.

6 top view, ground plan.

7 sole of the foot, sole.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: plantar.

2^nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: plantar.

* * *

► nombre femenino

1 BOTÁNICA plant

2 (del pie) sole

3 (de un edificio - piso) floor; (- sección horizontal) plan

4 (industrial) plant

\

de nueva planta brand-new

tener buena planta to be good-looking

planta baja ground floor, US first floor

* * *

1) plant

2) floor

3) sole

* * *

SF (Bot) plant

1) (=piso) floor

2) (Arquit) (=plano) ground plan

3) (tb: planta del pie) the sole of the foot

4) (=aspecto)

5) (=fábrica) plant

6) (Baile, Esgrima) position (of the feet)

7) (=plan) plan, programme, program (EEUU), scheme

* * *

1) (Bot) plant

- planta de interior

2) (Arquit)

a) ( plano) plan

b) ( piso) floor

- planta baja

3) (Tec) ( instalación) plant

4) ( del pie) sole

5) (tipo, apariencia)

6) ( de empleados) staff

* * *

1) (Bot) plant

- planta de interior

2) (Arquit)

a) ( plano) plan

b) ( piso) floor

- planta baja

3) (Tec) ( instalación) plant

4) ( del pie) sole

5) (tipo, apariencia)

6) ( de empleados) staff

* * *

planta¹

¹ = plant.

Nota: Biología.

planta²

² = floor, level, storey [story, -USA], story [storey, -UK].

Nota: Arquitectura.

planta³

³ = plant.

* * *

A ( Bot) plant

houseplant, indoor plant

tobacco plant

oxygenator

B ( Arquit)

1 (plano) plan

la planta y el alzado de un edificio the ground plan and elevation of a building

construyeron una biblioteca de nueva planta they built a new library

2 (piso) floor

primera/tercera planta second/fourth floor ( AmE), first/third floor ( BrE)

una casa de dos plantas a two-story* house

grandes ofertas en la planta de señoras big savings in the ladies' fashion department

first floor ( AmE), ground floor ( BrE)

C ( Tec) (instalación) plant

una planta industrial an industrial plant

una planta eléctrica an electricity generating plant, power plant ( AmE), power station ( BrE)

sewage treatment plant

recycling plant

reprocessing plant

food processing plant

D (del pie) sole

asentar sus plantas en un lugar to make oneself at home

(tipo, apariencia): de buena planta fine-looking

un animal de magnífica planta a magnificent beast

F (de empleados) staff

nuestra planta de profesores our teaching staff

la planta de obreros de la empresa the company's work force

* * *

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

◊ planta de interior houseplant, indoor plant

a) ( plano) plan

b) ( piso) floor;

◊ una casa de dos plantas a two-story house;

a) ‹árboles/cebollas› to plant

b) ‹ postes› to put in;

a) ( abandonar) ‹ novio› to ditch (colloq), to dump (colloq);

b) ( dejar plantado) ‹ persona› ( en cita) to stand … up;

* * *

planta nf

1. [vegetal] plant

planta anual annual;

planta de interior house plant, indoor plant;

planta medicinal medicinal plant;

planta perenne perennial;

planta transgénica transgenic plant;

planta trepadora climbing plant

2. [fábrica] plant

planta desaladora de agua desalination plant;

planta desalinizadora desalination plant;

planta envasadora packaging plant;

planta de envase packaging plant;

planta de montaje assembly plant;

planta de reciclaje recycling plant;

planta de tratamiento de residuos waste treatment plant

3. [piso] floor;

planta baja Br ground floor, US first floor;

planta primera Br first floor, US second floor

4. [plano] plan;

un templo de planta rectangular a temple built on a rectangular plan;

de nueva planta brand new

5. [del pie] sole

6. Comp

tener buena planta to be good-looking

* * *

1 BOT plant

2 ( piso) floor;

edificio de nueva planta new building

* * *

planta nf

1) : plant

planta de interior: houseplant

2) fábrica: plant, factory

3) piso: floor, story

4) : staff, employees pl

5) : sole (of the foot)

* * *

planta n

1. (flor) plant

2. (piso) floor

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building, Civil engineering

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Nervi early established a reputation in the use of reinforced concrete with his stadium in Florence (1930–2). This elegant concrete structure combines graceful curves with functional solidity and is capable of seating some 35,000 spectators. The stadium was followed by the aircraft hangars built for the Italian Air Force at Orvieto and Ortebello, in which he spanned the vast roofs of the hangars with thin-shelled vaults supported by precast concrete beams and steel-reinforced ribs. The structural strength and subtle curves of these ribbed roofs set the pattern for Nervi's techniques, which he subsequently varied and elaborated on to solve problems that arose in further commissions.

Immediately after the Second World War Italy was short of supplies of steel for structural purposes so, in contrast to the USA, Britain and Germany, did not for some years construct any quantity of steel-framed rectangular buildinngs used for offices, housing or industrial use. It was Nervi who led the way to a ferroconcrete approach, using a new type of structure based on these materials in the form of a fine steel mesh sprayed with cement mortar and used to roof all kinds of structures. It was a method that resulted in expressionist curves instead of rectangular blocks, and the first of his great exhibition halls at Turin (1949), with a vault span of 240 ft (73 m), was an early example of this technique. Nervi continued to create original and beautiful ferroconcrete structures of infinite variety: for example, the hall at the Lido di Roma, Ostia; the terme at Chianciano; and the three buildings that he designed for the Rome Olympics in 1960. The Palazzetto dello Sport is probably the most famous of these, for which he co-operated with the architect Annibale Vitellozzi to construct a small sports palace seating 5,000 spectators under a concrete "big top" of 194 ft (59 m) diameter, its enclosing walls supported by thirtysix guy ropes of concrete; inside, the elegant roof displays a floral quality. In 1960 Nervi returned to Turin to build his imaginative Palace of Labour for the centenary celebrations of Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel in the city. This vast hall, like the Crystal Palace in England a century earlier (see Paxton), had to be built quickly and be suitable for later adaptation. It was therefore constructed partly in steel, and the metal supporting columns rose to palm-leaf capitals reminiscent of those in ancient Nile palaces.

Nervi's aim was always to create functional buildings that simultaneously act by their aesthetic qualities as an effective educational influence. Functionalism for Nervi never became "brutalism". In consequence, his work is admired by the lay public as well as by architects. He collaborated with many of the outstanding architects of the day: with Gio Ponti on the Pirelli Building in Milan (1955–9); with Zehrfuss and Breuer on the Y-plan UNESCO Building in Paris (1953–7); and with Marcello Piacentini on the 16,000-seat Palazzo dello Sport in Rome. Nervi found time to write a number of books on building construction and design, lectured in the Universities of Rio de Janiero and Buenos Aires, and was for many years Professor of Technology and Technique of Construction in the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Rome. He continued to design new structures until well into the 1970s.

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1 branch.

la rama materna de mi familia my mother's side of the family

en rama raw

andarse por las ramas (informal) to beat about the bush

ir de rama en rama (figurative) to jump from one thing to another

2 division, subdivision, branch, offshoot.

3 line, branch, area, specialty.

4 distributary.

5 Rama.

6 ramus.

* * *

► nombre femenino

1 branch

\

andarse por las ramas / irse por las ramas familiar to beat about the bush

en rama raw

■ canela en rama cinnamon stick

* * *

* * *

1) [de árbol] branch

- andarse o irse por las ramas

- poner algo en la última rama

2) [de ciencia, familia, organización] branch

3) (Tip)

4) LAm * (=hachís) pot *, hash *

* * *

femenino branch

* * *

= branch, bough, chase.

Nota: En historia de la imprenta, marco rectangular de madera en cuyo interior se fijaba la forma de impresión.

Ex. Thus we all agree that one component of a building is a roof (and not vice versa!), and that chemistry is a branch of science.

Ex. Alice was a little startled by seeing the Cheshire Cat sitting on a bough of a tree a few yards off.

Ex. Chases were made in pairs, and for most of the hand-press period they were of a standard size that fitted comfortably in the bed of the wooden press.

----

* andarse por las ramas = mince + words.

* irse por las ramas = go off + the track, get off + the track, go off on + another track, fly off on + a tangent, go off on + a tangent, wander off + track, wander off + topic, go off at + a tangent.

* ofrecer una rama de olivo para hacer las paces = offer + an olive branch.

* rama de árbol = tree branch.

* rama del conocimiento = branch of learning.

* rama del saber = branch of learning.

* rama de olivo = olive branch, olive branch.

* tomates en rama = tomatoes on the vine.

* * *

femenino branch

* * *

= branch, bough, chase.

Nota: En historia de la imprenta, marco rectangular de madera en cuyo interior se fijaba la forma de impresión.

* * *

1 (de un árbol) branch

una ramita de perejil a sprig of parsley

algodón en rama raw cotton

un trozo de canela en rama a cinnamon stick

andarse or irse por las ramas to beat about the bush

2 (de una ciencia) branch

3 (de una organización, estructura) branch

* * *

◊ una ramita de perejil a sprig of parsley;

* * *

rama nf

1. [de planta] branch;

la rama materna de mi familia my mother's side of the family;

algodón en rama raw cotton;

canela en rama cinnamon sticks;

andarse o [m5] irse por las ramas to wander off the point, to go off at a tangent;

ir de rama en rama [sin rumbo fijo] to jump from one thing to another

2. [de ciencia] branch

3. [de colectivo] wing;

la rama más radical del partido the radical wing of the party

* * *

1 branch;

andarse por las ramas beat about the bush;

canela en rama stick cinnamon

2 POL wing

* * *

rama nf

: branch

* * *

rama n branch [pl. branches]

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building

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The name of Le Corbusier is synonymous with the International style of modern architecture and city planning, one utilizing functionalist designs carried out in twentieth-century materials with modern methods of construction. Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, born in the watch-making town of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the Jura mountain region, was the son of a watch engraver and dial painter. In the years before 1918 he travelled widely, studying building in many countries. He learned about the use of reinforced concrete in the studio of Auguste Perret and about industrial construction under Peter Behrens. In 1917 he went to live in Paris and spent the rest of his life in France; in 1920 he adopted the name of Le Corbusier, one derived from that of his ancestors (Le Corbesier), and ten years later became a French citizen.

Le Corbusier's long working life spanned a career divided into three distinct parts. Between 1905 and 1916 he designed a number of simple and increasingly modern houses; the years 1921 to 1940 were ones of research and debate; and the twenty years from 1945 saw the blossoming of his genius. After 1917 Le Corbusier gained a reputation in Paris as an architect of advanced originality. He was particularly interested in low-cost housing and in improving accommodation for the poor. In 1923 he published Vers une architecture, in which he planned estates of mass-produced houses where all extraneous and unnecessary features were stripped away and the houses had flat roofs and plain walls: his concept of "a machine for living in". These white boxes were lifted up on stilts, his pilotis, and double-height living space was provided internally, enclosed by large areas of factory glazing. In 1922 Le Corbusier exhibited a city plan, La Ville contemporaine, in which tall blocks made from steel and concrete were set amongst large areas of parkland, replacing the older concept of city slums with the light and air of modern living. In 1925 he published Urbanisme, further developing his socialist ideals. These constituted a major reform of the industrial-city pattern, but the ideas were not taken up at that time. The Depression years of the 1930s severely curtailed architectural activity in France. Le Corbusier designed houses for the wealthy there, but most of his work prior to 1945 was overseas: his Centrosoyus Administration Building in Moscow (1929–36) and the Ministry of Education Building in Rio de Janeiro (1943) are examples. Immediately after the end of the Second World War Le Corbusier won international fame for his Unité d'habitation theme, the first example of which was built in the boulevard Michelet in Marseille in 1947–52. His answer to the problem of accommodating large numbers of people in a small space at low cost was to construct an immense all-purpose block of pre-cast concrete slabs carried on a row of massive central supports. The Marseille Unité contains 350 apartments in eight double storeys, with a storey for shops half-way up and communal facilities on the roof. In 1950 he published Le Modular, which described a system of measurement based upon the human male figure. From this was derived a relationship of human and mathematical proportions; this concept, together with the extensive use of various forms of concrete, was fundamental to Le Corbusier's later work. In the world-famous and highly personal Pilgrimage Church of Notre Dame du Haut at Ronchamp (1950–5), Le Corbusier's work was in Expressionist form, a plastic design in massive rough-cast concrete, its interior brilliantly designed and lit. His other equally famous, though less popular, ecclesiastical commission showed a contrasting theme, of "brutalist" concrete construction with uncompromisingly stark, rectangular forms. This is the Dominican Convent of Sainte Marie de la Tourette at Eveux-sur-l'Arbresle near Lyon, begun in 1956. The interior, in particular, is carefully worked out, and the lighting, from both natural and artificial sources, is indirect, angled in many directions to illuminate vistas and planes. All surfaces are carefully sloped, the angles meticulously calculated to give optimum visual effect. The crypt, below the raised choir, is painted in bright colours and lit from ceiling oculi.

One of Le Corbusier's late works, the Convent is a tour de force.

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SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building

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Mies van der Rohe was the son of a stonemason and his early constructional training came from his father. As a young man he gained experience of the modern school from study of the architecture of the earlier leaders, notably Peter Behrens, Hendrik Berlage and Frank Lloyd Wright. He commenced architectural practice in 1913 and soon after the First World War was establishing his own version of modern architecture. His building materials were always of the highest quality, of marble, stone, glass and, especially, steel. He stripped his designs of all extraneous decoration: more than any of his contemporaries he followed the theme of elegance, functionalism and an ascetic concentration on essentials. He believed that architectural design should not look backwards but should reflect the contemporary achievement of advanced technology in both its construction and the materials used, and he began early in his career to act upon these beliefs. Typical was his early concrete and glass office building of 1922, after which, more importantly, came his designs for the German Pavilion at the Barcelona Exposition of 1929. These designs included his famous Barcelona chair, made from chrome steel and leather in a geometrical design, one which has survived as a classic and is still in production. Another milestone was his Tugendhat House in Brno (1930), a long, low, rectilinear structure in glass and steel that set a pattern for many later buildings of this type. In 1930 Mies followed his colleagues as third Director of the Bauhaus, but due to the rise of National Socialism in Germany it was closed in 1933. He finally left Germany for the USA in 1937, and the following year he took up his post as Director of Architecture in Chicago at what is now known as the Illinois Institute of Technology and where he remained for twenty years. In America Mies van der Rohe continued to develop his work upon his original thesis. His buildings are always recognizable for their elegance, fine proportions, high-quality materials and clean, geometrical forms; nearly all are of glass and steel in rectangular shapes. The structure and design evolved according to the individual needs of each commission, and there were three fundamental types of design. One type was the single or grouped high-rise tower, built for apartments for the wealthy, as in his Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago (1948–51), or for city-centre offices, as in his Seagram Building in New York (1954–8, with Philip Johnson) or his Chicago Federal Centre (1964). Another form was the long, low rectangle based upon the earlier Tugendhat House and seen again in the New National Gallery in Berlin (1965–8). Third, there were the grouped schemes when the commission called for buildings of varied purpose on a single, large site. Here Mies van der Rohe achieved a variety and interest in the different shapes and heights of buildings set out in spatial harmony of landscape. Some examples of this type of scheme were housing estates (Lafayette Park Housing Development in Detroit, 1955–6), while others were for educational, commercial or shopping requirements, as at the Toronto Dominion Centre (1963–9).

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m <tech.allg> ■ cubuid

m rar <bau.mat> (z.B. Stein, Poroton, Hohlblock) ■ building block

m < math> (z.B. ein Grundelement in Volumenmodellen) ■ block; rectangular parallelepiped thsc ; rectangular solid form

1) Construction: box-shaped foundation

2) Building structures: barrette (rectangular piles which can take huge axial loads)

1) General subject: (элементы) chemistry (the chemistry of love - составляющие любви), construction, building blocks

2) Engineering: rectangular components (вектора)

3) Construction: ingredient, raw material, raw stuff (напр, цементного раствора)

4) EBRD: component parts, components

5) Makarov: constituents, partials

6) Marketology: individual components

- plan działania/kampanii a plan of action/of campaign

- plan dyżurów a duty roster

- plan lekcji Szkol. a (school) timetable